Universal Asynchronous Data Receiver &Transmitter (UART) used in connection with RS232 for transferring data between printer and computer. As EIA defines, the RS232 is used for connecting Data Transmission Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE). It is used in serial communication up to 50 feet with the rate of 1.492kbps. As it obtains the voltage for the path used for the data exchange between the devices. RS232 is a standard protocol used for serial communication, it is used for connecting computer and its peripheral devices to allow serial data exchange between them. In new PC’s male D-type which is of 9 pins. RS232C “Recommended Standard 232C” is the recent version of Standard 25 pin whereas, RS232D which is of 22 pins. For example, If 011 is a number the parity bit=0, i.e., even parity and the parity=1, i.e., odd parity. There are of four kinds, i.e., even odd, marked and spaced. Parity Bit is the simplest form of checking the errors.Stop Bits are used for a single packet to stop the transmission which is denoted as “T”.In telephone lines, the baud rates will be 14400, 2880. For example, if the baud rate is 200 then 200 bits per Sec passed. It is described as the number of bits passing in one second. Baud rate is used to measure the speed of transmission.Synchronous Data Transfer – The mode in which the bits of data are synchronized by a clock pulse.Clock pulse is a signal used for synchronization of operation in an electronic system. Asynchronous Data Transfer – The mode in which the bits of data are not synchronized by a clock pulse.Modes of Data Transfer in Serial Communication: Parallel communication- you are shooting a target using a shotgun, where many number of the bullets reach at the same time. Serial communication – you are shooting a target using machine guns, where bullets reach one by one to the target. Serial communication is slower than parallel communication but used for long data transmission due to lower cost and practical reasons. While in parallel communication the data is transmitted in a byte (8 bit) or character on several data lines or buses at a time. In telecommunication, the process of sending data sequentially over a computer bus is called as serial communication, which means the data will be transmitted bit by bit. you can check them out if interested. In this article, we will understand the basics of the RS232 Protocol and how it works. Today there are many modern communication protocols like the RS485, SPI, I2C, CAN etc. It was introduced back in the 1960s and has found its way into many applications like computer printers, factory automation devices etc. The term RS232 stands for 'Recommended Standard 232' and it is a type of serial communication used for transmission of data normally in medium distances. One of the oldest, yet popular communication protocol that is used in industries and commercial products is the RS232 Communication Protocol.

Onkyo serial communication protocol